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Te Whakataurite i te Utu me te Haumaru: He aha te take e huri ai te nuinga o ngā hōhipera ki ngā Ārai Whakakore
He tino mōrearea ngā mate pāwera e pā ana ki te hauora (HAI) i roto i ngā hōhipera. Ia tau, tata ki te 4.8 miriona HAI e puta ana i roto i ngā hōhipera tiaki ohorere puta noa i Ūropi. I roto i ngā whenua whai rawa nui, tata ki te 7 i roto i te 100 tūroro ka whiwhi i te iti rawa i te kotahi HAI i a rātou e noho ana. Ko ēnei mate ka arahi ki ngā utu ā-tau tika mō te rongoā i ngā HAI mai i te $28.4 piriona ki te $45 piriona i te United States. Nō reira, kei te piki haere te whakamahi a ngā hōhipera i ngā tikanga hou. ārai hōhipera whakakorekore me ārai rūma hōhipera hei whakarei ake i te haumaru me te whakaiti i ngā utu. Ko te whakamahinga o ārai rūma iti whakakorekoreā, kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā ārai āhua hōhipera, nā te mea ka āwhina i te pupuri i te taiao ma. Ārai Hauora He mea nui ēnei ki te whakahaere i ngā mate urutā, ā, he mea nui hoki ki te whawhai ki ngā mate urutā HAI.
Ngā Whakaaro Matua
- Ka tino whakaitihia ngā ārai whakakorekore te mōrearea o ngā mate urutā e pā ana ki te hauora (HAIs) mā te whakarato i tētahi otinga akuaku, kotahi te whakamahinga.
- Te huri ki Ārai whakakorekoreka taea e s te arahi kingā penapena nui mō te wā roa mō ngā hōhipera mā te whakakore i ngā utu tiaki tonu e pā ana ki ngā ārai papanga tuku iho.
- Ka taea e ngā hōhipera te whakarei ake i te haumaru o ngā tūroro me te tutuki i ngā ture hauora mā te whakakapi i ngā ārai whakakorekore i ia wā, inā koa i ngā wāhi morearea nui pēnei i ngā wāhanga tiaki nui.
Te Mārama ki ngā Mate Pāwera e Pā Ana ki te Hauora (HAIs)
Te Pānga o ngā HAI ki te Haumaru o te Tūroro
Ka tino whakararu ngā mate pāwera e pā ana ki te hauora (HAI) i te haumaru o ngā tūroro. Ka taea e ēnei mate te arahi ki ngā raruraru nui, te roa o te noho ki te hōhipera, me te pikinga o ngā reiti mate. E ai ki te pūrongo a te Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) tata ki te 1.7 miriona ngā tūroro hōhipera e pāngia ana e ngā HAI i ia tau, ā, neke atu i te 98,000 o ēnei tūroro ka mate i ō rātou mate.
Ko ngā momo HAI noa ko:
- Ngā mate urutā mimi e pā ana ki te katitere (CAUTI)
- Ngā mate urutā e pā ana ki te raina pokapū (CLABSI)
- Ngā mate urutā Clostridioides difficile (C. diff)
- Ngā mate pāwera toto o te Staphylococcus aureus ātete-Methicillin (MRSA)
- Ngā mate pāwera o te wāhi pokanga (SSI)
Mā te noho mai o ēnei mate ka roa ake te noho ki ngā hōhipera. Hei tauira, he maha ngā wā ka nui ake te maha o ngā mate HAI i roto i ngā tūroro i ngā wāhanga tiaki nui (ICU), ā, tata ki te 30% e pāngia ana. Ehara i te mea ka pā noa tēnei āhuatanga ki te whakaoranga o te tūroro engari ka nui ake hoki te taumahatanga ki ngā rauemi hauora.
Te Taumahatanga Pūtea o ngā HAI ki ngā Hōhipera
He nui ngā pānga pūtea o ngā HAI. Ko ngā utu hauora ā-tau e pā ana ki te rongoā i ēnei mate i ngā hōhipera o Amerika kei waenganui i te $28.4 piriona ki te $33.8 piriona. Ka taea e ngā utu kua whakatikatikaina te piki ki te $45 piriona, i runga i ngā āhuatanga maha.
Ko te taumahatanga pūtea e ahu mai ana i ētahi take matua:
- Ka puta ake ngā utu whai wāhitanga mai i te roa o te noho o te tūroro nā ngā mate urutā i te whare noho.
- Ka ngaro ngā moni whiwhi nā te mea kāore e taea te whakauru i ngā tūroro hou ki te whare hauora mēnā ka āraia ngā moenga nā te roa o te noho, te noho motuhake rānei.
Heoi anō, ko ngā painga pea o ngā wawaotanga whakahaere mate whai hua ka ahu mai i te $5.7 piriona ki te $31.5 piriona. E whakaatu ana tēnei i te hiranga o te haumi ki ngā mahi ārai mate, pērā i te whakamahi i ārai hōhipera whakakorekore, ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā HAI, ā, hei whakamutunga, ka whakaiti i ngā utu.
Ngā Āhuatanga o ngā Ārai Whakakore
Whakamāramatanga me te Hanganga
He ārai tūmataiti rangitahi ngā ārai whakakorekore i roto i ngā wāhi tiaki hauora. He mea hanga ēnei mō te whakamahinga kotahi, kia pai ai te taiao mā ngā tūroro. I te nuinga o te wā, he mea hanga ēnei ārai ki ngā rauemi e aro nui ana ki te horoi me te pakari. Ko ngā rauemi noa ko:
| Momo Rauemi | Ngā Āhuatanga |
|---|---|
| Polypropylene kore-whatu | Maimoatanga patu huakita 100% ka taea te hangarua |
| Ngā papanga polyester | Ngā āhuatanga ātete mura |
| 100 gsm polypropylene kore-whatu | Te pakari |
Ka whai wāhi ēnei rauemi ki te whai huatanga o ngā ārai whakakorekore ki te aukati i te horapa o ngā mate.
Ngā Painga ki ngā Ārai Āhua Hōhipera Tuku Iho
He maha ngā painga o ngā ārai whakakorekore ki te whakataurite ki ngā ārai hōhipera tuku iho. Ko ngā painga matua ko:
- Otinga Ā-kotahi, Whakamahinga-KoreKotahi te whakamahinga o ia ārai, kātahi ka maka atu, hei ārai i te kohikohinga o ngā huakita me ngā mate urutā.
- Te Whakaiti i te Mōrearea o te Whakawhitiwhiti-ParuparuKa whiwhi ia tūroro i tētahi mata tiaki tūmataiti hou, kāore i poke, hei whakaiti i te pānga ki ngā iroriki.
- Te Whakangāwari me te Whai HuaKāore he mahi tiaki e hiahiatia ana, e taea ai te whakakapinga tere me te pupuri i te ma.
- Te Whai Hua o te UtuKa whakaitihia ngā utu e pā ana ki te horoi me te whakatika i ngā ārai papanga, ā, ka hua ake he penapena mō te wā roa.
- Te Whakatutukitanga ki te Whakahaere MateKa tutuki i ngā ārai whakakorekore ngā paerewa akuaku teitei, ā, ka āwhina i te pupuri i te whakamanatanga hōhipera me te karo i ngā whiu.
He rerekē, ko ngā ārai hōhipera tuku iho ka noho pea he pepeke kino me ngā huaketo, ā, me whakarerekē pinepine. E whakaatu ana tēnei rerekētanga i te hiranga o te whiriwhiri i ngā kōwhiringa whakakorekore hei whakahaere i ngā mate.
Ngā Painga o ngā Ārai Whakakore i te Mate
Te Whakaiti i ngā Mōrearea Whakawhiti-Paruparu
He mea nui te mahi a ngā ārai whakakorekore ki te whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga whakawhiti-paru i roto i ngā taiao hauora. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ārai hōhiperaKei roto i ngā mata e pāngia pinepinetia ana i roto i ngā rūma tūroro. Ka taea e tēnei pānga pinepine te arahi ki te kohikohinga o ngā huakita kino. Mā te whakamahi i ngā ārai whakakorekore, ka taea e ngā hōhipera te whakakore i ngā mate pukupuku e noho ana i runga i te papanga.
Ko ngā kōrero e whai ake nei e whakamārama ana i te ngā painga o te whakahaere mate urutā o ngā ārai whakakorekore:
- Te Whakakore i ngā Mate Tuku IhoKa whakakapia katoatia ia ārai whakakorekore i muri i te whakamahinga, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te oranga o ngā pathogens ki runga i te papanga.
- Whakakapinga AuauMe whakakapi ngā ārai ārai whakakorekore e ngā hōhipera i ia 3 ki te 6 marama, me te whakanui ake i te auau mena ka kitea he paru. I ngā wāhi mōrearea nui, pērā i ngā wāhanga tiaki nui, he mea nui te whakahou i ngā ārai kia mau tonu ai te taiao haumaru.
- Haumaru Whakarei akeMā te whakawhiti i ngā ārai whakakorekore i ia wā ka tino whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te whakawhiti poke, ka pai ake te haumaru mō ngā tūroro me ngā kaimahi.
I kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau ka taea e ngā ārai polyethylene kotahi te whakamahi te whakaiti i te whakawhiti-paru tae atu ki te 40%. E whakaatu ana tēnei tatauranga i te whai huatanga o ngā ārai whakakorekore hei whakahaere i ngā mate.
Te Whakatutuki i ngā Ture Hauora
Me piri ngā hōhipera ki ngā ture hauora tino pakari hei whakarite i te haumaru o ngā tūroro. He tino āwhina ngā ārai whakakorekore ki te whakatutuki i ēnei paerewa. Ko te hoahoa me te whakamahinga o ēnei ārai e hangai ana ki ngā tikanga whakahaere mate kua whakatūria e ngā tari whakahaere.
Ko ngā kōrero matua e pā ana ki te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ko:
- He pai mō ngā wāhi mōrearea nuiHe tino whai hua ngā ārai whakakorekore i ngā wāhanga pokanga me ngā wāhanga tiaki nui, ina nui ake te tūponotanga o te mate.
- Te Whakaiti i ngā Utu WhakahaereNā te āhua tukurua o ēnei ārai, kāore e hiahiatia te horoi kakahu, ā, ka whakaitihia ngā utu whakahaere me te mōrearea o te mate e pā ana ki te whakahaere i ngā papanga paru.
- Te Whakatutuki i ngā Paerewa AkuakuKa taea e ngā hōhipera e whakamahi ana i ngā ārai whakakorekore te whakatutuki pai ake i ngā paerewa akuaku, ā, mā reira ka karohia ngā whiu ka puta, ka mau tonu hoki te whakamanatanga.
Te Whai Hua o ngā Ārai Whakakore
Te Pūtea Tuatahi me te Penapena Wā Roa
Ina whakaaro ngā hōhipera ki te huri ki ngā ārai whakakorekore, ka paunatia e rātou te haumitanga tuatahi ki ngā penapena mō te wā roa. Ko ngā utu tīmatanga mō ngā ārai whakakorekore he iti ake i ngā kōwhiringa papanga tuku iho. E whakaatu ana te ripanga e whai ake nei i te whakataurite utu:
| Momo Ārai | Te utu tuatahi mō ia moenga | Ngā Utu Tiaki |
|---|---|---|
| Ārai Whakakore | I raro | Kāore (kua whakakorea) |
| Ārai Kakahu | Teitei ake | Kei te haere tonu (te horoi me te whakatikatika) |
Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā ārai whakakorekore, ka whakakorea e ngā hōhipera ngā utu tiaki tonu e pā ana ki te horoi me te whakatika. Ehara i te mea ka whakaitihia ngā whakapaunga o nāianei anake e tēnei panoni engari ka whai wāhi hoki ki ngā penapena nui mō te wā roa.
Ko ngā hōhipera kua neke ki ngā otinga whakakorekore e whakaatu ana i ngā painga pūtea nui. Hei tauira, ka iti ake te whakawhiti ārai tae atu ki te 50%, ka penapena i te wā me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā whara i waenga i ngā kaimahi e whakahaere ana i ngā ārai papanga taumaha. Hei tāpiri, ko te whakakorenga o ngā utu horoi me ngā utu mahi ka arahi ki ngā penapena nui i roto i te wā. Ka roa pea ngā ārai whakakorekore tae atu ki te rua tau, ka whakaiti ake i te auau o ngā huringa me ngā utu e pā ana. He rerekē, ko ngā ārai hōhipera tuku iho me whakawhiti e whā ngā wā i te tau, he kaupapa e uaua ana ki te pupuri i te nuinga o ngā whare hauora nā te iti o te mahi me te tahua.
Te Tahua mō ngā Otinga Whakakore
Ko te whakarite tahua mō ngā ārai whakakorekore me mārama ki ngā utu ā-mua me ngā pānga pūtea mō te wā roa. Me whai whakaaro ngā hōhipera ki ēnei āhuatanga i te wā e whakamahere ana i ā rātou tahua:
- Ngā Utu Hokonga TuatahiTohaina he moni mō te hoko tuatahi o ngā ārai whakakorekore. He iti iho te utu o tēnei i te utu mō ngā ārai papanga.
- Auautanga o te WhakakapingaWhakamaherehia ngā huringa whakakapinga auau. Me whakakapi e ngā hōhipera ngā ārai whakakorekore i ia 3 ki te 6 marama, i runga i te whakamahinga me ngā āhuatanga taiao.
- Penapena MahiMe whai whakaaro ki te whakaiti i ngā utu mahi e pā ana ki te horoi kakahu me te tiaki i ngā ārai papanga. Ka taea e tēnei te whakawātea i ngā rauemi mō ētahi atu wāhi nui i roto i te hōhipera.
- Ngā Utu WhakatutukitangaWhakaarohia ngā penapena pea mā te karo i ngā whiu e pā ana ki te kore e tutuki i ngā ture hauora. Ka āwhina ngā ārai whakakorekore ki te pupuri ngā paerewa akuaku teitei, te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā HAI.
Mā te tātaritanga tupato i ēnei āhuatanga, ka taea e ngā hōhipera te waihanga i tētahi tahua e whakaata ana i te whai huatanga o ngā ārai whakakorekore me te whakarite hoki i te haumaru o te tūroro me te tutuki i ngā ture hauora.
Ngā Kōwhiringa Tāutanga me te Whakaritenga
Tukanga Tāutanga Māmā
He mahi māmā noa te tāuta i ngā ārai whakakorekore ki ngā hōhipera, ā, ka whakaitihia te raruraru. Mā te pūnaha Tuku Tere kua manatia ka taea te whakawhiti ārai tere, kia pai ai te whai huatanga. Ko ngā mahi tāutanga ko:
| Hipanga | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|
| 1 | Whakamahia te pūnaha Tuku Tere kua patenttia mō te whakawhiti arai māmā. |
| 2 | Me whakarite kia hototahi te pūnaha ārai ki ngā ara o nāianei. |
| 3 | Tīpakohia te momo ārai e tika ana (Ka taea te whakakore, te whakamahi anō, te whakamahi roa rānei). |
| 4 | Whakaritea te pūnaha kia uru ki te teitei o te tuanui mai i te 7 ki te 10 putu. |
| 5 | Me whakawhiti te ārai i roto i te iti iho i te 30 hēkona me te iti o ngā kaimahi. |
| 6 | Kāore he taputapu, he arawhata rānei e hiahiatia ana mō te tāutanga. |
Te huri ki ārai whakakorekore Mā te tere o te tāutanga me te iti o te tiaki ka penapenahia te wā me ngā utu mahi o ngā hōhipera. Ka heke te wā whakawhiti ārai mai i te 45 meneti mō ia rūma ki raro iho i te 2 meneti, ā, ka kore e hiahiatia he arawhata, he taputapu motuhake rānei.
Te Whakarite i ngā Hiahia o te Hōhipera
Ngā kōwhiringa whakaritenga Mā ngā ārai whakakorekore ka taea e ngā hōhipera te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga motuhake. Ka taea e ngā whare hauora te whiriwhiri mai i te 40 neke atu ngā tauira me ngā tae rerekē, kia rite ai ngā ārai ki ō rātou hiahia ataahua me te mahi.
| Āhuatanga Whakaritenga | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|
| Ngā Kohinga Kakahu | Neke atu i te 40 ngā momo tauira me ngā tae e wātea ana. |
| Ngā Āheinga Hoahoa | Ngā hoahoa ritenga kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o te whare hauora. |
| Ngā Maimoatanga Paturopi | Impact Technology® mō te tiakitanga paturopi whānui. |
| Whakahaere Taonga | Taupānga CubeControl® mō te aroturukitanga me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā taonga. |
| Whakaritenga Toi | He kōwhiringa ki te tuku i tāu ake mahi toi, ki te mahi tahi rānei me te tīma hoahoa. |
Ko ētahi atu āhuatanga ko ngā ārai mārama me te āheitanga whakarerekē hei aroturuki i ngā tūroro me te pupuri i te tūmataitinga. Ka taea hoki e ngā hōhipera te whiriwhiri i ngā papanga parahi hei whakakore i te 99.9% o te Staphylococcus aureus i roto i te 30 meneti. Mā ēnei kōwhiringa whakaritenga ka whakarei ake i te haumaru me te mahi, kia taea ai e ngā hōhipera te whakatutuki i ā rātou hiahia ahurei.
Ka whakarei ake ngā ārai whakakorekore i te haumaru me te whakaiti i ngā utu i roto i ngā wāhi tiaki hauora. E mōhio ana ngā kaiwhakahaere hōhipera ki ngā painga akuaku o ēnei ārai, e whakahaere ana i ngā mahi me te whakaiti i te wā horoi. E taunaki ana ngā tohunga whakahaere mate i ēnei ārai mō te watea, te tutuki i ngā aratohu, me te kaha ki te pupuri i te taiao parakore. Me whakaaro ngā hōhipera ki tēnei panoni kia pai ake ai ngā putanga mō ngā tūroro.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He aha ngā mea e hangaia ai ngā ārai whakakorekore?
Ārai whakakorekore ko te tikanga he mea hanga ki te polypropylene, ki te polyester rānei kāore i whatu, i hangaia mō te whakamahinga kotahi, ā, kia pai ake ai te akuaku.
Kia pēhea te auau o te whakakapinga o ngā ārai whakakorekore e ngā hōhipera?
Me whakakapi e ngā hōhipera ngā ārai whakakorekore i ia 3 ki te 6 marama, i ngā wā maha atu rānei i ngā wāhi morearea pēnei i ngā wāhanga tiaki nui.
He iti te utu mō ngā ārai whakakorekore?
Ae, ka whakaitihia e ngā ārai whakamahi-kore ngā utu tiaki tonu, ā, ka nui hoki ngā penapena mō te wā roa ki te whakaritea ki ngā ārai papanga tuku iho.
