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Me pēhea te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te whakaiti i te poke whakawhiti e ngā mopa whakakorekore
Ngā mopa whakakorekore Ka tino whakapai ake i te pai o te horoi. Ka whakakorea te horoi, ka whakarite kia hou te mata horoi i ia wā.Ngā mopa hauora whakakorekore me ngā mopa whakakore huakita ka whakaiti pai i te whakawhiti-paru. Ka ārai i te horapa anō o ngā iroriki. He mea hou ngā pane mopa whakakorekore, pērā i ngā pane mopa horoi papa, e whakamahia ana mō ia rohe. A Mopa Papa Whakakore e whakarato ana i te horoi pumau.
Ngā Whakaaro Matua
- Ka tere ake te horoi mā te whakamahi i ngā mopa whakakorekore. Ka penapena wā mā te kore e hiahiatia te horoi me te whakamaroke i ngā mopa.
- Ka āraihia te horapa o ngā iroriki e ngā mopa whakakorekore. Ia mea hou Upoko Mopa ka whakarite kia ma te tīmatanga, ā, ka ārai hoki i te whakawhiti poke.
- Ka whakapai ake ngā mopa whakakorekore i te akuaku. He pai mō ngā wāhi pēnei i ngā hōhipera he mea nui te akuaku.
Te Painga Whai Hua o ngā Mopa Whakakore
Te Rerenga Mahi Whakangāwari me te Penapena Wā
Ka whakanui ake ngā mopa whakakorekore i te pai o te horoi mā te whakangawari i te tukanga horoi katoa. Ka penapenahia e ngā tīma horoi he nui te wā nā te mea ka kore e hiahiatia te wehewehe, te horoi, me te whakamaroke i ngā mopa. Ko te tikanga o tēnei tukanga mahi ngāwari ko te tere ake o te whakarite i mua i ngā mahi horoi, me te tere ake o te whakakorenga i muri mai. Ka taea e ngā kaimahi te whakatapu i te wā nui ake ki te horoi tuturu, me te iti ake o te tiaki mopa. Mā tēnei nekehanga whakahaere ka taea e ngā whare te whakaoti tere ake i ngā huarahi horoi, ka whakapai ake i te hua whānui me te whakaiti i ngā utu mahi.
Te Mahi Horoi Pūmau me ngā Mopa Whakakore
Mā ngā mopa whakakorekore ka whakarite kia hou, kia ma te mata mō ia mahi horoi, ka hua ake he mahi horoi teitei tonu. Mā ia pane mopa hou ka whakarite kia mimiti rawa te wai me te kaha ki te hopu paru, ka ārai i te tohatoha anō o ngā poke. E whakaatu tonu ana ngā rangahau i te pai o te whai huatanga horoi o ngā rauemi mopa whakakorekore. Hei tauira, i rangahauhia e te rangahau a Li et al., i whakaputaina i roto i te hautaka InfectionControl.tips, te tango i a Staphylococcus aureus mai i ngā papa. I kitea e tēnei rangahau he iti ake te pai o ngā mopa aho tuku iho i ngā mopa horoi me ngā mopa papatahi whakakorekore. I whakaitihia e ngā momo e rua te whakawhiti poke o ngā huakita ki ngā mopa aho miro, ahakoa te hua horoi i whakamahia. I whakaritea e tētahi atu rangahau ngā mopa microfiber ki ngā mopa aho miro i roto i tētahi whare kararehe rangahau. I whakaatuhia e ia, i te whakamahinga me ngā patu huakita, ka whakaitihia ngā waeine hanga koroni (cfu) me ngā waeine mārama whanaunga (RLU) i runga i ngā papa. He mea nui, ko te whakamahi anō i ngā pane mopa aho miro me te patu huakita me te kore e horoi tika ka nui ake te poke, kaua ki te horoi papa. E whakaatu ana tēnei taunakitanga me pēhea te ārai a te mopa whakakorekore hou i te horapa o ngā huakita, ka whakarite kia tino ma te taiao.
Te Whakaiti i te Whakamahinga Rauemi
He nui ngā painga o ngā mopa whakakorekore ki te whakamahinga rauemi, inā koa mō te whakamahinga wai. He iti ake te wai e whakamahia ana e rātou nā te mea ka makahia e ngā tīma horoi i muri i te whakamahinga kotahi, ka kore e hiahiatia te horoi. Ko ngā mopa tuku iho, me horoi auau, ka pau te nui o te wai hei horoi me te horoi. Ka karohia e ngā pūnaha mopa whakakorekore te huringa horoi me te whakamaroke katoa, ka hua ake he painga motuhake ki te whakaiti i te whakamahinga wai. Ka hua ake hoki tēnei ki te iti ake o te whakamahinga pūngao, nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia e ngā whare te whakahaere i ngā mīhini horoi me ngā whakamaroke. Hei tāpiri, ko te horopeta tika o ngā otinga horoi me ngā pūnaha whakakorekore ka taea te whakaiti i ngā para matū, ka whai wāhi ki te mahi horoi e aro nui ana ki te taiao.
Te Whakaiti i te Whakawhitiwhiti-Parahanga me ngā Mopa Whakakore
Te Whakakore i te Whakawhiti Ira Tangata
He mea nui te mahi a ngā mopa whakakorekore ki te aukati i te horapa o ngā mate. Mā ēnei ka whakarite kia kore ngā kaimahi horoi e whakahoki mai i ngā iroriki ki ngā wāhi kua horoia. Mā ia pane mopa hou ka puta he tīmatanga hou, ka pakaru te mekameka o te poke. E whakaatu tonu ana ngā rangahau i te kaha o ngā kōwhiringa whakakorekore ki te pupuri i ngā huakita. I kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau e whakataurite ana i ngā tikanga horoi papa ā-ringa rerekē, he iti ake te ora o ngā huakita i runga i te papa i ngā mopa papatahi me ngā pane mopa whakakorekore, ki te whakataurite ki ngā mopa miro tuku iho.
| Momo Mopa | Ngā Whakaora Matū Log10 (Toharite ± SD) |
|---|---|
| Ngā Mopa Miro (CM) | 1.29 ± 0.45 |
| Mopa Papatahi me te Upoko Whakakore (FD) | 1.10 ± 0.29 |
| Mopa Papatahi me te Pane Horoi (FL) | 1.19 ± 0.47 |
Kia mōhio: He nui ake ngā huakita ora i mahue mai i ngā mopa miro (CM) i ngā mopa papatahi me ngā pane horoi (FD) (P = 0.0062). Kāore i kitea he rerekētanga nui i waenga i ngā mopa papatahi me ngā mopa horoi (P = 0.2140).
Ko te whakaoranga mātotoru o ngā mopa miro he 1.29 ± 0.45, ko ngā mopa papatahi me ngā pane whakamahi kotahi i whakaatu i te 1.10 ± 0.29 (P = 0.0062). He tohu tēnei i tētahi painga mārama mō ngā kōwhiringa whakamahi kotahi i roto i te tango i ngā huakita. I whakaatuhia hoki e te rangahau ko ngā mopa aho miro i whakapiki tonu i te mōrearea o te poke whakawhiti, ahakoa te hua horoi i whakamahia. E whakaatu ana tēnei taunakitanga me pēhea te ārai a te mopa hou i te horapa o ngā iroriki, kia tino ma ai te taiao. He tino whai hua ngā taputapu horoi kotahi-whakamahinga ki te pupuri i ngā momo mate pukupuku, tae atu ki:
- Ngā Mate Tuku Toto
- Staphylococcus aureus ātete-Methicillin (MRSA)
- Ngā enterococci ātete-vancomycin
- Tae atu ki te 99.99% o ngā mate pāwera i whakamatautauria
Te Horoi Whaiaro mō ngā Wāhi Mōrearea Nui
He mea nui ngā mopa whakakorekore hei pupuri i te akuaku i roto i ngā taiao morearea. Kotahi te whakamahinga a ngā whare hauora, kātahi ka maka atu, hei ārai i te whakawhiti o ngā mate urutā ki waenga i ngā rūma. He mea tino nui tēnei mahi i roto i ngā wāhi tiaki hauora pēnei i ngā rūma wehe, ngā wāhanga tiaki nui, me ngā rūma pokanga. Hei ārai i te mate, e taunakihia ana kia whakamahia ngā kōwhiringa mopa whakakorekore kotahi te whakamahinga.
Tohutohu: Whakamahia he taputapu kua tohua he tae hei wehewehe mārama i waenga i ngā rohe horoi, hei ārai i te whakawhiti poke.
Me whakamahi kotahi, me tango rānei ngā pane mōpa mō te horoi i ia rā. Me whakawhiti i waenga i ia rūma, tae atu ki ngā wharepaku. Mā tēnei huarahi whakamahi kotahi ka tino whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te whakawhiti i ngā mate urutā. He wāhanga nui ngā papa mōpa muka-iti hei whakamahi i roto i tētahi rautaki whakahaere mate whānui. Kei roto hoki i tēnei rautaki te akuaku ringa, te whakamahi i ngā PPE, me te patu huakita i ngā taputapu hauora. Ka tino whakaitihia e ngā mōpa whakamahi kotahi ngā mate e pā ana ki te hauora (HAI). Ka ārai i te whakawhiti i te paru kua kohia, ngā para, me te taumahatanga koiora ki roto i ngā whare. Hei taonga whakamahi kotahi, ka whakakorea e rātou te tūponotanga o te whakawhiti-paru e pā ana ki ngā mōpa kua horoia. Ka taea e ngā mōpa kua horoia, tae atu ki ngā muka-iti, te noho hei pūtake paru mena kāore i te tukatuka tika. Ka taea e te tukanga horoi tonu te kino i te muka-iti, ka whakararu i tōna whai huatanga horoi me te whai huatanga o ngā patu huakita. Mā ngā kōwhiringa whakamahi kotahi ka whakarite i ngā hua horoi pumau me te kore o ēnei tūponotanga, ka hua ake he taiao ma ake me te whakaiti i ngā reiti mate.
Ngā Paerewa Akuaku Whakapai Ake
Mā te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha mopa whakakorekore ka tino whakapiki ake i ngā paerewa akuaku whānui. He pai ake te whai huatanga o ēnei pūnaha ki te horoi, ā, ka tata kore e pāngia e te poke whakawhiti.
| Paerewa Akuaku | Ngā Mopa Tuku Iho | Ngā Pūnaha Mopa Whakakore |
|---|---|---|
| Te Whai Huatanga o te Horoi | Kāore i te tino whai hua ki te hopu i ngā matūriki moroiti me ngā moroiti. | Te tango matūriki me te moroiti teitei (hei tauira, 99.9% o ngā moroiti). Ka taea te whakatutuki i te whakaiti 6-8 log me ngā patu huakita. Te tango i ngā mate tino teitei (hei tauira, 99.99% o te mate korona tangata OC43). Ka kukume ngā muka utu pai i ngā matūriki. |
| Te Whakawhiti-Parahanga | He nui te mōrearea mēnā kāore e whakahaerea pai (ngā whakawhiti kakahu maha, te horoi tika). | Tata tonu te whakakore i te parahanga whakawhiti (whakamahinga kotahi mō ia rūma/rohe). |
| Taurite Ture | Kāore i te tino tutuki i ngā paerewa o te EU GMP Annex 1 Contamination Control Strategy (CCS) me te USP / aroturuki taiao nā te iti o te whai huatanga. | He tino pai mō ngā rohe EU GMP Annex 1 Grade A/B me ngā USP ISO 5 PECs e tino hira ana te koretake me te whakamahinga kotahi. E tautoko ana i ngā whāinga pakari o te ISO 14644-17 (Te Reiti Whakatakoto Matūriki). |
He pai ake te hopu me te tango i ngā mopa whakakorekore, inā koa ko ērā i hangaia mai i te muka-iti, i ngā mopa miro-kore tuku iho. Mā te hoahoa kotahi-whakamahinga ka kore e neke ngā huakita i waenga i ngā rūma. He mea nui tēnei i ngā wāhi tairongo pērā i ngā wāhanga tiaki nui. Ka taea e ngā mopa muka-iti-kore whakakorekore te tango i te 95% o ngā mopa, ki te whakaritea ki te 68% me ngā mopa whakamahi anō. Mā tēnei whakaiti i te mōrearea whakawhiti-paru ka tautoko i ngā taiao haumaru ake mō ngā kaimahi me ngā kiritaki. E ai ki ngā hōhipera kua tae ki te 80% te ma o ngā papa me te hekenga nui o ngā mate pērā i te C. difficile i muri i te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha mopa whakakorekore.
E tautokohia ana e ngā aratohu me ngā tiwhikete ahumahi te whakamahinga o ngā mopa whakakorekore hei whakapai ake i te akuaku.
- ISO 14644-18E whakamārama ana tēnei paerewa i te aromatawai i ngā āhuatanga o te horoi me te mahi a ngā mopa, me te tautoko ā-roto i ngā kōwhiringa whakakore kua whakamanahia i mua.
- Tāpiritanga 1 o te GMP a te EUKo tēnei te whakaritenga kia kore e poke ngā mopa me ngā kaihoko i roto i ngā wāhi ārai mate, he whakaritenga e tutukihia ana e ngā mopa whakakorekore kua whakamanahia i mua.
- USP 797E tautoko ana tēnei i ngā rauemi kore-marere, iti te miro, me te whakamahinga motuhake mō ngā mopa, e hangai ana ki ngā āhuatanga me ngā painga o ngā mopa whakakorekore.
- USP 800E taunaki ana tēnei kia whakamahia ngā tauera mākū me te tukanga horoi e whā ngā taahiraa, ka āraihia e ngā kōwhiringa whakakorekore te poke whakawhiti me te whakarite kia tangohia ngā toenga.
- Ngā Aratohu a te CDCKo ēnei e aro nui ana ki te horoi whai hua hei whakaiti i te horapa o ngā mate urutā me te whakaiti i ngā mate e pā ana ki te hauora (HAI), e tautokona ana e ngā mopa whakakorekore mā te aukati i te whakawhiti-paru.
Ko ngā mopa whakakorekore kua whakamanahia e te rūma horoi, he mea hanga ki te 100% polyester me te iti o te whakahekenga matūriki, he mea pai ake i roto i ngā taiao whakahaeretia. Ko ngā mahi pai a te hōhipera e tino pai ake ana ki ngā papa mopa whakakorekore mō ngā wāhi morearea hei ārai i te poke whakawhiti. Ka taea e ēnei papa te tango i te 99.9% o ngā moroiti, tae atu ki ngā huakita me ngā huaketo, ahakoa me te wai anake.
Ngā Mopa Whakakore-Pai me ngā Mopa Tuku Iho: He Painga Mārama
Tātaritanga Utu-Painga
He maha ngā wā ka arotakehia e ngā whare ngā pūnaha horoi i runga i ō rātou pānga pūtea. He pai ake ngā painga ōhanga o ngā pūnaha mopa me te peere tuku iho i ngā mopa karetao utu nui, i ngā mīhini horoi ahokore utu nui rānei. He nui ngā haumitanga o ēnei taputapu matatau. Me utu tonu ngā taputapu atamai mō ngā papa whakakapinga motuhake, ngā wai horoi motuhake, ngā whakakapinga tātari HEPA, me te pakaru o te pākahiko. He māmā ake te huringa tiaki mō te mopa tuku iho, he mārama ake, he whai hua ake hoki i roto i te wā e rima tau. Ka arotahi ngā kaihanga o ngā mopa tuku iho ki te roa me te pumau. Ka taea te horoi mīhini i ngā pane mopa microfiber me te whakamahi anō i ngā rau wā. Ka ārai tika tēnei i te āhua maumau, te tukunga o te maha o ngā papa taputapu atamai. Ko te hua matua, mai i te peere wringer ki te kakau mopa, ka whakamahi i ngā rauemi whakapakari kia roa ai te ora. Ko te pane mopa anake e hiahia ana kia whakakapia i ētahi wā, he iti noa te utu.
He nui ngā painga pūtea mō te wā roa o ngā mopa horoi muka-iti ka taea te horoi, ki te whakaritea ki ngā taputapu horoi whakakorekore. Ka puta he utu auau mō ngā kōwhiringa whakakorekore i ia wā horoinga. Ka taea te whakamahi anō i ngā mopa muka-iti tae atu ki te 500 wā, ā, he kōwhiringa ohanga ake. Haunga te whakamahinga anō, ka eke te pai o te horoinga o ngā mopa muka-iti ki te wai anake. Ka whakaitihia te hiahia mō ngā otinga matū utu nui, ā, ka penapena moni anō hoki. Ka whakaitihia hoki te pānga o ngā matū. I kitea i roto i te whakamātautau whakamātautau a te Whare Wānanga o California Davis Medical Center, i penapenahia e ngā mopa muka-iti $30 mō ia 100 rūma, ā, i whakaitihia ngā utu matū mā te 95%. Tae atu ki te 500 horoinga te roa, ki te whakaritea ki te 55-100 mō ngā mopa miro. I te nuinga, ka taea e ngā mopa muka-iti te penapena 90-95% i roto i ngā utu hua me te 20% te whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga mahi. Tērā pea ka eke te penapena utu mahi ā-tau ki te $7,665.
| Whakaahuatanga Painga | Ngā Mopa Miro-kaka | Ngā Mopa Miro |
|---|---|---|
| Ngā Penapena Utu Mahi | 20% ngā penapena i ia rā | Kāore he |
| Te Whakaiti i te Utu o te Mopa | 60% te whakahekenga o ngā utu | Kāore he |
| Ngā Penapena Utu Hua | 90-95% ngā penapena ia rā | Kāore he |
| Kua Tangohia ngā Moroiti | 95% me te muka moroiti | 68% me te miro |
| Te Rohe Taupoki i mua i te Horoi | 400-500 putu tapawha | 100 putu tapawha |
| Te Roa o te Ora o te Upoko Mopa | Tae atu ki te 500 horoinga | 55-100 horoinga |
| Ngā Penapena ā-Tau mō ngā Utu Mahi (tauira) | $7,665 ia tau | Kāore he |
He maha ngā utu huna kei roto i ngā pūnaha mopa whakamahi anō. Ka taea e ēnei te whakakore i ngā penapena tuatahi. Kei roto i ngā whakapaunga ko te whakakapinga auau, te utu whakakore para, te kawe waka, te tutuki i ngā ture, te whakangungu kaimahi, me te whakahaere taonga. He rerekē, ka āwhina ngā papa mopa whakamahi anō i ngā whare ki te karo i ēnei utu huna. He kōwhiringa pūtea māmā ake tā rātou. Mō ngā pakihi e hiahia ana ki te horoi auau, ka taea e te hoko nui o ngā papa whakamahi anō te whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga katoa mā te whakahekenga utu. He tino whai hua tēnei mō ngā whare pēnei i ngā hōhipera me ngā kura. He mea nui te akuaku ki reira, ā, he mea nui te ārai i te poke whakawhiti. Ka puta tēnei me te kore he utu nui o te horoi i ngā papa whakamahi anō. Hei tāpiri, ka whakakorehia e ngā papa mopa whakamahi anō te hiahia ki te horoi. Ka whakaitihia e rātou ngā utu mahi e pā ana, ka whakarei ake i ngā penapena mō ngā whare e horoi ana i ngā papa i roto i te whare.
Ngāwari o te Whakangungu me te Whakatinanatanga
Mā te whakatinana i ngā pūnaha mōpa whakakorekore ka māmā ake te whakangungu kaimahi. Kāore e hiahiatia ana e ngā kaimahi horoi te ako i ngā tikanga horoi uaua. Ka karohia hoki e rātou ngā tikanga wehewehe mō ngā pane mōpa kua whakamahia. Ka whakamahia noa e ngā kaimahi he mōpa whakakorekore hou mō ia wāhi, kātahi ka maka atu. Mā tēnei tukanga māmā ka whakaitihia te wā e hiahiatia ana mō te whakangungu i ngā kaimahi hou. Ka whakaitihia hoki te tūponotanga o ngā hapa tangata i roto i ngā tikanga horoi. Mā te wātea tonu o ngā pane mōpa ma, hou ka whakarite kia ōrite te kounga o te horoi. Ka tangohia te whakawhirinaki ki ngā tikanga horoi tika. Mā tēnei ngāwari o te whakamahi ka whai wāhi ki te mahi horoi pai ake, whai hua ake hoki.
He otinga whai hua ngā mopa whakakorekore mō ngā wero horoi o ēnei rā. He nui ngā whakapainga ka puta mai i ēnei pūnaha ki te whai huatanga o te mahi. Ka whakaitihia e ēnei pūnaha ngā tūponotanga whakawhiti-paru. Nā tēnei ka waiho hei whiringa pai mō te pupuri i te taiao akuaku. Mā te hoahoa kotahi-whakamahinga ka whakarite kia tino pai te horoi, ā, ka ārai hoki i te horapa o ngā huakita.
Ngā Pātai Auau
Me pēhea te ārai i te whakawhiti poke e ngā mopa whakakorekore?
Ka āraihia te whakawhiti iroriki e ngā mopa whakakorekore. Ka makahia atu e ngā kaiwhakamahi i muri i te whakamahinga kotahi, kia pai ai te horoi i te mata i ia wā. Mā tēnei ka motuhia te mekameka o te poke.
Ka taea e ngā mopa whakakorekore te penapena utu?
Ae, ka whakaitihia ngā utu mahi me te horoi kakahu mā te whakamahi i ngā mopa whakakorekore. Ka taea e te hoko nui te penapena nui, inā koa mō ngā whare e aro nui ana ki te akuaku me te whai huatanga.
He pai ake te whakamahi i ngā mopa whakakorekore mō ngā taiao katoa?
He pai rawa ngā mopa whakakorekore mō ngā wāhi tino morearea. Ka whakarite i te tino ma, ā, ka ārai i te horapa o ngā huakita. Nā tēnei ka waiho hei whiringa pai mō te pupuri i te taiao akuaku.
