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He Aratohu ki te Auautanga o te Whakakapinga Ārai Hōhipera
ārai hōhipera he mahi nui tā rātou ki te pupuri i te akuaku i roto i ngā whare tiaki hauora. Ko te whakamahinga o ngā ārai kotahi te whakamahinga, pērā iārai whakakorekore ngā kōwhiringa, kei te piki haere te rongonui hei ārai i ngā mate me te whakarite i te haumaru o te tūroro. Te whakakapinga auau o ēnei ārai rūma iti whakakorekorehe mea nui, me te whakamahi i ngā mea whakakorekore Ārai Wharepakumō ngā hōhipera e hiahia ana kia whakawhitia pinepine. He rerekē te auau o te whakakapinga puta noa i ngā horopaki hōhipera rerekē; hei tauira, ko ngā rūma tūroro paerewa ka hiahiatia peaārai tūmataiti whakakorekore me whakawhiti i ia marama, i ia toru rānei, ko ngā wāhanga tiaki nui ia me whakawhiti pinepine ake.
Ngā Whakaaro Matua
- Whakakapia ngā ārai hōhipera i ia marama, i ia toru rānei marama i ngā wāhi noa hei pupuri i te akuaku me te ārai i ngā mate urutā.
- I ngā wāhi mōrearea nui pēnei i ngā ICU, whakakapia ngā ārai i ia rua ki te whā wiki, i muri tonu rānei i te tukunga o te tūroro ki te hōhipera hei whakapai ake i te haumaru o te tūroro.
- Whakamahia ngā ārai ārai kotahi hei whakapai ake i te akuaku, kia tere ai te whakakapinga, kia whakaiti ai hoki i te tūponotanga o ngā mate pāwera e pā ana ki te hauora.
Auautanga Whakakapinga e Manakohia ana mō ngā Ārai Hōhipera
Ngā Aratohu Whānui
He mea nui te pupuri i te ma o ngā ārai hōhipera hei whakahaere i ngā mate urutā. E taunaki ana te Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) kia whakawhitia ngā ārai whakakore i te iti rawa i te kotahi i te marama. Heoi, i ētahi āhuatanga motuhake, me nui ake te maha o ngā whakakapinga. Anei ētahi aratohu whānui mō te whakakapi i ngā ārai hōhipera:
- Whakakapinga ā-MaramaMō ngā wāhi tiaki tūroro paerewa, me whakakapi ngā ārai i ia marama, i ia toru rānei.
- Whakakapinga TonuMena ka kitea te paru, te poke, te pakaru rānei o ngā ārai, me whakakapi tonu.
- Te whakapā atu ki ngā pokeMe whakakapi tonu ngā ārai e pā ana ki te toto, ki ngā wai o te tinana, ki ngā rauemi pangia rānei, kia kore ai e horapa ngā pangia.
Mā te horoi me te whakakapi i ngā ārai hōhipera i ia wā ka tino whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā mate pāwera e pā ana ki te hauora (HAI). E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau tata ki te 1 i roto i te 25 o ngā tūroro hōhipera e pāngia ana e te HAI i ia tau, he maha ngā wā nā ngā mata kua poke, tae atu ki ngā ārai hōhipera. Nō reira, he mea nui te piri ki tētahi kaupapa whakakapinga pakari hei pupuri i tētahi taiao haumaru.
Ngā Wāhi Mōrearea Nui
Ko ngā wāhi tino mōrearea, pērā i ngā wāhanga tiaki nui (ICU) me ngā rūma wehe, me tino piri ki ngā tikanga whakakapinga. E kī ana te CDC me horoi me te horoi i ngā ārai i ēnei wāhi i ia wā, me te auau o te horoinga i runga i te mōrearea o te poke. Anei ētahi kōrero matua e pā ana ki ngā wāhi tino mōrearea:
- Te Auautanga WhakanuiaMe whakakapi ngā ārai i roto i ngā whare tiaki hauora i ia rua ki te whā wiki, i muri tonu rānei i te putanga o te tūroro ki te hōhipera.
- Te Horoi i ia Rā, i ia Wiki rāneiI ētahi wā, me horoi i ia rā, i ia wiki rānei, ina koa mēnā he nui ake te tūponotanga o te mate.
- Paru e kitea anaMe horoi ngā ārai ina kitea he paru, i muri rānei i te maringi o te toto, o ngā wai tinana rānei.
Ko te hiahia kia whakakapia pinepinetia ngā ārai i ngā wāhi tino mōrearea i ahu mai i te pikinga ake o te tūponotanga o te whakawhiti poke. Ka taea e ngā ārai hōhipera te pupuri i ngā huakita, ka arahi pea ki ngā HAI mena kāore e whakahaerea tika. Nō reira, he mea nui te whakatinana i tētahi kaupapa whakakapinga pakari hei tiaki i ngā tūroro ngoikore me te whakarite i te akuaku whānui o te hōhipera.
| Rohe Hōhipera | Auautanga Horoi i Manakohia |
|---|---|
| Ngā Rūma Tūroro Paerewa | Ia marama kotahi ki te toru |
| Ngā Wāhanga Tiaki Kaha (ICU) | Ia rua ki te whā wiki, i muri rānei i te tukunga o te tūroro |
| Ngā Rūma Ohotata (ER) | Ia rua ki te whā wiki, i muri rānei i te pānga ki te mōrearea nui |
| Ngā Rūma Pokanga me ngā Wāhanga Wehewehe | I muri i ia pokanga, i ia tukunga rānei o te tūroro |
| Ngā Wāhanga Whakawhanau me ngā Wāhanga Tamariki | Ia marama kotahi ki te rua, ka whakapiki ake mō ngā take mōrearea nui |
Mā te whai i ēnei aratohu, ka taea e ngā hōhipera te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā mate urutā me te whakapai ake i te haumaru o ngā tūroro.
Ngā Take e Pā Ana ki te Whakakapinga Ārai Hōhipera
Momo Ārai
He nui te pānga o te momo ārai e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hōhipera ki te auau o te whakakapinga. He rerekē te ātete o ngā rauemi ārai ki te poke. Hei tauira, ka pania ngā ārai paturopi ki ngā paninga e aukati ana i te tipu o ngā huakita me ngā harore. Ka whakarei ake tēnei āhuatanga i te whakahaere mate me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te poke. Ko ngā rauemi pakari, pērā i ngā papanga taumaha, ka ātete ki ngā haehae me te ahotea miihini, ka whakarite kia roa te ora me te kaha ki te tu atu ki te horoi auau. Ka taea e ngā pūnaha whakakorekore te whakakapinga tere i waenga i ngā pokanga, ka whakarei ake i te koretake i roto i ngā whare pokanga. Ko ngā papanga kounga hauora, me te tuitui whakapakari me te tiaki paturopi kua whakamanahia, ka whakarato i ngā penapena roa me te whakapai ake i te tutuki i ngā paerewa whakahaere mate.
| Momo Ārai | Ngā Āhuatanga | Ngā Painga |
|---|---|---|
| Ārai Paturopi | Kua pania ki ngā paninga hei aukati i te tipu o ngā huakita me ngā harore | Ka whakarei ake i te whakahaere mate urutā, ka whakaiti hoki i te mōrearea poke |
| Ngā Rauemi Pakari | He pakari, he ātete ki te haehae me te ahotea ā-mīhini | Ka roa te ora, ā, ka tu atu i te horoinga auau, me te kore e pirau |
| Ngā Pūnaha Whakakore | Ka taea te whakakapi wawe i waenga i ngā pokanga | Ka whakaiti i te wā hurihanga, ka whakarei ake hoki i te kore e taea te mahi i roto i ngā whare pokanga |
| Ngā Kakahu Kounga Hauora | He tuitui whakapakari me te tiakitanga paturopi kua whakamanahia | Ka penapena mō te wā roa, ā, ka whakapai ake i te whakatutukitanga o ngā ture whakahaere mate pāwera |
Ngā Taumata Parahanga
Ko ngā taumata poke i roto i ngā taiao hōhipera hoki e whakatau ana i te auau o te whakakapinga o ngā ārai. Me whakakapi tonu ngā ārai mēnā he paru, he haehae, he wai tinana rānei e kitea ana. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau tata ki te 90% o ngā ārai paru e kitea ana he huakita kino kei roto, ā, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā mate e pā ana ki te hauora. I ngā wāhi tino mōrearea pērā i ngā wāhanga tiaki nui (ICU) me ngā wāhanga mate pukupuku, he maha ngā wā ka whakakapia ngā ārai e ngā hōhipera i ia toru marama, ā, e hono ana tēnei ki te 22% te hekenga o ngā reiti mate. Ko ngā whare e whakaroa ana i te whakakapinga ārai neke atu i te 12 marama ka pāngia e te 40% te tūponotanga o te poke o te mata. E kī ana te CDC me horoi me te patu huakita ngā ārai ina kitea te paru, i muri rānei i te maringi o te toto, o ngā wai tinana rānei.
- Me urutau ngā wātaka whakakapinga ki ngā nekehanga o ngā tūroro, kaua ki ngā wā pumau, inā koa i roto i ngā rūma wehe me ngā wāhanga wera.
- E ai ki ngā pūrongo a ngā hōhipera e whakakapi ana i ngā ārai i ia rua wiki i roto i ngā wāhanga wera, tata ki te 60% te iti ake o ngā mate e pā ana ki te hauora, ki te whakaritea ki ērā e tatari ana mō te marama.
Mā te mārama ki te momo ārai me ngā taumata poke, ka taea e ngā whare hauora te whakatinana i ngā rautaki whakakapinga whai hua hei whakarei ake i te haumaru o te tūroro.
Ngā Aratohu a te Mana Hauora mō ngā Ārai Hōhipera
Ngā Taunakitanga a te CDC
Kei te whakarato te Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) i ngā aratohu matua mō te tiaki me te whakakapi i ngā ārai hōhipera. Ko te whāinga o ēnei taunakitanga he whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā mate pāwera e pā ana ki te hauora (HAI) e pā ana ki ngā mata poke. Ko ngā kōrero matua mai i te CDC ko:
- Whakakapinga AuauE tohutohu ana te CDC kia whakakapia e ngā hōhipera ngā ārai i ngā wāhi tūroro paerewa i ia marama, i ia toru rānei. I ngā wāhi mōrearea nui, pērā i ngā wāhanga tiaki nui (ICU) me ngā rūma ohorere, ka piki ake te auau e taunakitia ana ki ia rua ki te whā wiki, i muri tonu rānei i te tukunga o te tūroro ki te hōhipera.
- Mahi Tonu mō te ParahangaMena ka kitea te paru o ngā ārai, ka pā rānei ki te toto, ki ngā wai tinana rānei, ka tūtohu te CDC kia whakakapia tonutia. He mea nui tēnei mahi hei ārai i te horapa o ngā mate.
- Te Whakauru ki Ētahi Atu Mahi Whakahaere MateE whakanui ana te CDC me tautoko te whakakapinga ārai i ētahi atu mahi whakahaere mate, pērā i te akuaku ringa me te patu huakita i ngā mata. Ka whakarei ake tēnei huarahi whakauru i te haumaru whānui o te tūroro.
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ka taea e ngā ārai tūmataitinga hōhipera te pupuri i ngā huakita kino, tae atu ki te MRSA me te COVID-19. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau e 31% o ngā ārai tūmataitinga hōhipera i whakamātauhia he pai mō te MRSA, e whakaatu ana i te hiahia kia piri pono ki ngā wātaka whakakapinga. Ahakoa i muri i te horoinga, ka taea e ngā ārai te poke i roto i te wiki, ka tū hei tūponotanga mō ngā pakarutanga. Nō reira, me whakatairanga ngā hōhipera i te akuaku o ngā ārai hei wāhanga o ā rātou tikanga whakahaere mate.
Ngā Kaupapahere ā-Rohe
Haunga ngā aratohu a te CDC, he maha ngā wā ka whakawhanakehia e ia hōhipera ā rātou ake kaupapa here mō te whakakapinga ārai. Ko ēnei kaupapa here e whakaata ana i ngā hiahia motuhake me ngā mōrearea e pā ana ki ō rātou taupori tūroro. Ko ngā mahi noa ko:
- Ngā Wātaka Whakakapinga WhakaritengaKa taea e ngā hōhipera te waihanga i ngā wātaka kua whakaritea kia rite ki ngā mōrearea o ia tari me ngā āhuatanga o ngā tūroro. Hei tauira, ko ngā rohe mōrearea nui pēnei i ngā ICU me ngā rūma wehe me nui ake te whakawhiti ārai i ngā wāhi tūroro noa.
- Ngā Tikanga Pai rawa atu mai i ngā Hōhipera MatuaHe maha ngā hōhipera e whakamahi ana i ngā tikanga pai mō te whakakapinga ārai. Kei te ripanga e whai ake nei te whakarāpopototanga o ngā auau whakakapinga kua tūtohutia mai i ngā whare hauora rerekē:
| Rohe Whakamahinga | Auautanga Whakakapinga i Manakohia |
|---|---|
| Ngā Rūma Tūroro Paerewa | Ia 1 ki te 3 marama |
| Ngā Wāhanga Tiaki Kaha (ICU) | Ia 2 ki te 4 wiki, i muri rānei i te tukunga o te tūroro ki te kāinga |
| Ngā Rūma Ohotata (ER) | Ia 2 ki te 4 wiki, i muri rānei i te pānga ki te mate mōrearea nui |
| Ngā Rūma Whakahaere | I muri i ia pokanga, i ia tukunga rānei o te tūroro |
| Ngā Wāhanga Wehewehe | I muri i ia tukunga tūroro |
| Ngā Wāhanga Whakawhanau me ngā Wāhanga Tamariki | Ia 1 ki te 2 marama, ka whakapiki ake mō ngā take mōrearea nui |
- Arotahi ki ngā Ārai WhakakorekoreHe maha ngā whare hauora e huri ana ki ngā ārai hōhipera whakakorekore, e whakarato ana i te akuaku pai ake i ngā kōwhiringa papanga tuku iho. Ka taea te whakakapi i ēnei ārai i ia toru ki te ono marama, kia rite ki ngā rautaki whakahaere mate urutā, ā, ka whai wāhi hoki ki te penapena utu.
Mā te piri ki ngā taunakitanga a te CDC me te whakawhanake i ngā kaupapa here pakari o ngā whare hauora, ka taea e ngā hōhipera te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā mate e pā ana ki ngā ārai hōhipera. Ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake tēnei huarahi matatau i te haumaru o te tūroro engari ka poipoi hoki i te ahurea o te horoi me te kawenga i roto i ngā wāhi tiaki hauora.
He mea nui te whakakapinga auau o ngā ārai hōhipera mō te whakahaere pai o te mate. Mā te piri ki ngā aratohu kua whakatūria ka hono tika ki te whakapai ake i ngā putanga ārai mate. Mā ngā hōhipera e whakangungu ana i ngā kaimahi ki ngā tikanga tiaki me te whakakapinga tika ka whakarei ake i te tutuki me te mōhiotanga. He nui te whai wāhi o tēnei huarahi matatau ki te haumaru o te tūroro me te akuaku whānui i roto i ngā wāhi tiaki hauora.
Ngā Pātai Auau
Kia pēhea te auau o te whakakapinga o ngā ārai hōhipera?
Me whakakapi ngā ārai hōhipera i ia kotahi ki te toru marama i ngā wāhi noa, ā, i ia rua ki te whā wiki i ngā rohe mōrearea.
He aha ngā mea e pā ana ki te auau o te whakakapinga ārai?
Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga ko te momo ārai, ngā taumata poke, me ngā kaupapa here hōhipera kua whakaritea mō ngā hiahia o ngā tūroro me ngā mahi whakahaere mate urutā.
He pai ake te akuaku o ngā ārai whakakorekore?
Ae, he pai ake te akuaku o ngā ārai whakakorekore nā te mea ka taea te whakakapi i ngā wā katoa, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te poke me ngā mate urutā e pā ana ki te hauora.
